Tag Archive: BDS


The Anchor Leg

It was a quiet day. The roads were deserted and everyone had the day off to vote at the election polls. Only a handful of people were in the office to get some work done. Sitting in the big office in the virtually empty warehouse, I plugged away at the profit and loss numbers trying to make sense of all… and I found out that I wasn’t alone. “Anthony, can you come to our office for a second, we need to talk.” One of the owners asked me.

They had invited a technical advisor who joined us over the last two weeks. He ultimately advised to close down shops and approach established independent shops to be dealers. Just before the conclusion of his time, we were in mildly heated debates trying to sift out the way forward. There were a lot of numbers that were thrown around. Spreadsheets, reports and ideas were overflowing my head. I had to play mental catch up as I split my attention between trying to think about each idea critically while trying to come up with some innovative idea to contribute to the discussion. In the end, we were advised that the way forward was to shut down the shops with the highest losses. We walked away from the discussion with a list.

Now, it was just the two business owners and I sitting in the small office, dazed, confused and exhausted from the last few days. “So, Anthony, we were just going over the numbers again and wanted to see what you thought of them.” I was glad to see that I wasn’t the only one who had growing doubts on the strategy we were convinced to pursue just a few days earlier. “If we shut down those shops, and redistribute the overhead, it just makes other shops go into loss.” “That’s what I was seeing too” I replied.

Detailed analysis revealed that each shop was still independently profitable as long as we removed the overhead costs of operations at headquarters, confirming what we assumed at the beginning of the placement. “I was looking at the analysis this morning, and the main problem is overhead costs. Primarily: wages, transportation, and rent.” After seeing agreement in their eyes, I continued to share my thoughts. “As of now, those costs are fixed and in my opinion underutilized. Do you think we can stand to cut wages, or transportation?” I threw the question out there. Fuel costs are on the way up and vehicles only get older. When thinking about everyone at headquarters, the sales manager, the warehouse manager, the accountant, the administrative staff, and the stock controllers, I couldn’t think of anyone that isn’t vital to the business. In times of trouble, with skyrocketing costs, stiff competition, and political uncertainty, these are the people to invest in, not cut. Feeling the tension that the question put to the room, I eventually got the answer I was looking for. “No, we need everyone. They’re all essential.”

I began to probe what they thought of the second recommendation given: to strike deals with other agricultural shops so they could stock our product while we close our own outlets. “For dealers… they make up about 20% of your business. Is there enough potential dealers to overcome the void created by closing our own outlets?” With little thought and a shared confirming glance, they both said “No. No we can’t. It’s just not possible. Not even with our most ambitious projections.”

All three of us in the room were circling around a strategy that I felt was returning to the forefront. “I feel that with the latest improvements at headquarters, you have the capacity to manage more shops. What happens to the profit margins if we relocate the lower performing shops and open more outlets in underserved areas?” They nodded and waited for another my next question. “You mentioned potentially opening an additional shop in the same city north of here. How long would it take before we see it perform? What’s the potential there?” “It, usually it takes 3 months for a shop to reach its potential and at that location, we should see volumes anywhere up to 50% of the shop already there.” “Can you sustain the initial losses?” After a few keystrokes and clicks by the mouse, the picture was shown to me. “We can do it.”

The air in the room was much lighter than it has been the last few weeks. Slight smiles could be seen on their faces.  “So we’re clear, we’re going to open more outlets, and relocate shops that are underperforming… Good. Thanks Anthony.”

It was now clear that the original strategy to open more shops made more sense than closing them down. It grows the potential to reach more farmers, is in line with of all the work we’ve done so far to build the business’ capacity and, most importantly, takes advantage of the potential in the market.

Now that I’m entering the anchor leg of this placement, I’m again re-energized, excited and pushing forward to see this project through to the finish.

“Rise, rise again, until lambs become lions.”

It was one of those mornings. I was curled up in my undersized bed, head and feet stretching the mosquito net, eyes closed, freezing. The temperature dropped over night and all I had was my tropical sleeping bag. “Why did they have to run the trains so early?” I asked myself, after being woken up by the horns from the train yard one street over.

Right then, my alarm goes off… 5:15am. Patting all over the bed beside me I find it and quickly switch it off. “Man, I really don’t want to get up” are the first words I utter to begin the day. I switch on my headlamp and look up at the net above me brightly illuminated against the faint shine of the metal roof.

The last few weeks can be summed up with one word: “challenging”. After a real, detailed profit and loss analysis was done and the picture at my partner organization looked very grim.

Coming in at the beginning of the project, I knew margins were very tight, and that costs for transportation and the cost to store 50 kg bags of poultry feed were high. There are many brands of poultry feed to choose from and pricing is extremely competitive. The price of raw materials for poultry feed also seemed to be on the increase.

To increase growth of the business my initial assumption was to grow the capacity of the business by implementing systems, improving processes and training their staff how to use tools readily available to them on computers. Even if profit margins were small, increasing management capacity could allow opening more outlets, improve profit, increase employment, and better support poultry farmers. It seemed to be working. The accounting wasn’t yet clamped down but it seemed that increasing volume of sales would be effective and new locations were being sited for future expansion.

Then we crunched the numbers and it was clear that the underlying assumption of my strategy did not survive the latest price increases and drop in sales.

I began to question, could I have prevented this? What was in my circle of influence, my circle of control? Now, many of these people I’ve worked with are at risk of losing their jobs unless we find a way to bring things out of loss.

To know that the job is to make it all work against all these forces can make staying in and sleeping for the week seem really attractive. Then I think of my colleagues who face the same challenges day-to-day. What’s that we all believe in? “Courageously commit”… right…time to get out of bed.

Expansion and Growth

It was early morning and I’ve just gotten into work. The air was still cool from the night, and the sun’s light had yet to break through the office window. That was the setting when I heard some of the most exciting news yet in my project. “Anthony, we’re confident enough now in our internal systems to expand.”

Just two months ago, I first arrived on location and eager to get going and see this project to its completion. “Expand the business, increase services for farmers, increase job opportunities” was part of the list of objectives on loop in my mind. They were held there by the strong understanding that I already had my return flight booked. That trip home was only five months away.

Even though the project was in the same country, this project was in a new location, a new culture and new language. All of which, I had to learn. I haven’t even started and the trip home was already fast approaching.

During the first month I embedded myself in their business and learned as much as I could about their business model, the market, their customers and their operations. I felt that the biggest challenges to expansion were:

  1. The difficulty for headquarters to track sales, inventory levels, cash transactions, discounts etc, in all the shops.
  2. The large amounts of management’s time required to investigate and sort out the details surrounding transactions at the shop level
  3. Inconsistency of shop managers who may fail to report shortages, market changes & trends to headquarters.

These challenges needed to be eliminated as fast as possible to save enough of my placement to observe and assist in the actual expansions. To do so, I opted to place myself with stock control staff and headquarters instead of dividing my efforts amongst the many shops.

Nowadays, everything is indicating that I’m at the halfway point. Half of my anti-malarial pills are gone, the weather is no longer cold but I know it still isn’t the hot season, Junior Fellow volunteers are already preparing to head back to university and Professional Fellows are arriving to take their place.

The last few meetings put my worries about time at ease. The questions were no longer about the processes, nor were they about what’s working and what’s not. In these last meetings there has been a strong trust in stock controllers and their reporting. They’ve been sharing what’s happening out at the shops, backed by detailed reports.

What got me excited were these two points on the agenda:

  1. Opening new shops
  2. Shop manager promotion & award system

The details of which, I can’t really share here. But, there is an opportunity to move into new locations where we aren’t currently serving farmers and high-performing assistants from other shops will be promoted to manage those new locations. Also, current shop managers have more of a path to follow if they perform. Additional perks, for effective management are now in place for them. The perks and how to get them are a little rough at the moment, but the framework is now in place to shape and refine and support high-performing managers.

Soon the weather will turn hot, and the winds will be coming. EWB staff in Zambia will soon be halved. I’m at the half-way point and excited to see the next phase of the project, the expansion, the promotions and to meet the new hires and the farmers who are served.

Heading home to Kitwe after a long day working at various shops around the Copperbelt

The air was dry and the sun was racing upward. Chips of chicken could be heard through the greetings between farmers stepping off the bus. Stretching my legs felt great after the long drive to Chingola. Forgetting my sunglasses, I squinted through the crowd looking for familiar faces. I stretched out my hand to greet the poultry consultant we hired for the workshop we were providing that day for free, thanks to a local NGO grant provided for agricultural training. “Ahh…the turnout is not so good.” He told me. “What happened?”, “[The mobile provider] failed to send out the text messages to the farmers. Many did not know of this event.”

The host farmer welcoming other poultry farmers to the workshop on poultry management.

It was sad really. The farmers who arrived were learning the intricacies of poultry farming. How to maintain your flock, diagnose problems, and properly manage production. Some of these farmers were very young, fresh out of school, taking the first steps to generating their own income. Many others could have benefited as much as them, for free, if they’d only knew where to go.

I returned to the office the next day. Everyone was busy at their desks getting an understanding of the day-to-day business. “What are your sales for today?” asked one staff member over the phone, “How much feed do you have left?” asked another. All of this talk took time and all of that time cost the company a lot of money. The monthly bill for one of their phone lines was 3 times my monthly rent.

The main office phone and link between shops and the depot

The Problems

The main communications infrastructure of this business needed to be improved. They, unfruitfully, relied on others to inform customers of any new developments. They also relied on lengthy voice communications to get day-to-day numbers that they use to understand the current state of the business.

Cost
Talking costs money. They were paying a fortune for the amount of time that was being spent on the phone.

Time

The time consumed multiplied fast. It took time from head office, it took time from the shop managers, it took their time away from helping farmers, who now had to wait longer to be served.

Response Time

Some days would require rapid changes in strategy. Day-old-chicks are sold every Friday and they are predetermined to hatch 21 days earlier. The business has to ensure that all the baby chickens have a home, and all customers who prepaid will receive what they paid for. Shop managers in different areas need to rapidly coordinate their sales to ensure that the business as a whole will meet (and not exceed) that number. Calling shops one-by-one made it difficult to coordinate those sales from the main depot since it could take up to 2 hours to contact all the outlets.

Less Time for Customers

With the majority of time of the main lines used in lengthy internal conversations. This did not leave a lot of time on our lines for staff to call our customer farmers and talk to them about their flock or remind them of upcoming training events.

Point-of-Sale Equipment

None of the shops currently have computers on hand, nor internet. Power is also unreliable. However, all shops have access to cell phones and cellular service. (Many were provided with company phones)

Deploying Change

To reduce cost, increase response time and potentially increase our connection to our poultry farmer customers, we deployed a text message based system to communicate between the main depot and the various shops. One computer acts as the central hub of text message communication. It, currently, allows messaging of various groups of contacts and keeps records of any responses.

Initial benefits

  • The messaging rate is about 20sec/message. This allows us to reach 9-10 shops in under 4 minutes.
  • Cost to communicate with all shops is significantly reduced.
  • All incoming information is stored on a central computer in digital form rather than on lose sheets of paper.
  • Incoming information can be easily copied from text messages into spreadsheets already in use.
  • Shop managers can respond when they have down time, rather than being interrupted for many minutes at any point during the day.

“Anthony, this is really good. Soooo much easier”, Charles said, sitting beside me staring at his computer screen. “Look Anthony, almost all the shops have already sent in their sales numbers”. Later he was calling those who did not respond to his text messages trying to explain to them that sales needs to be texted in to the new number that we’re using as our “server”. I was excited to see that he was already reinforcing the new process without my involvement.

Stack of record sheets where staff used to record numbers that they were told over the phone

This initial step, though rudimentary, is important. We eliminate the big problems in one cost effective move, and set up a system that staff are already working to grow and reinforce, increasing the chance that this system will be sustained in the future. We were successful despite having no training for shop managers indicating that it is appropriate to the skill level of staff. The system launched with this one simple text message: “To all shops, you will now be sending in your sales to this number. We will no longer be calling for them.”

With this infrastructure in place, and the capabilities the system has, we’ll have the ability to grow towards cellphone based digital forms that shop managers can fill out and submit into the depot, have automated responses for farmers requesting the latest prices by text, inform our customers of upcoming poultry management training events we’re hosting and the list goes on.

Simply switching from voice to text opens the doors to many of these possibilities.

Implementing a system to improve communication and awareness of the state of the business… just one more item off the list of key deliverables.

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