Tag Archive: training


The Anchor Leg

It was a quiet day. The roads were deserted and everyone had the day off to vote at the election polls. Only a handful of people were in the office to get some work done. Sitting in the big office in the virtually empty warehouse, I plugged away at the profit and loss numbers trying to make sense of all… and I found out that I wasn’t alone. “Anthony, can you come to our office for a second, we need to talk.” One of the owners asked me.

They had invited a technical advisor who joined us over the last two weeks. He ultimately advised to close down shops and approach established independent shops to be dealers. Just before the conclusion of his time, we were in mildly heated debates trying to sift out the way forward. There were a lot of numbers that were thrown around. Spreadsheets, reports and ideas were overflowing my head. I had to play mental catch up as I split my attention between trying to think about each idea critically while trying to come up with some innovative idea to contribute to the discussion. In the end, we were advised that the way forward was to shut down the shops with the highest losses. We walked away from the discussion with a list.

Now, it was just the two business owners and I sitting in the small office, dazed, confused and exhausted from the last few days. “So, Anthony, we were just going over the numbers again and wanted to see what you thought of them.” I was glad to see that I wasn’t the only one who had growing doubts on the strategy we were convinced to pursue just a few days earlier. “If we shut down those shops, and redistribute the overhead, it just makes other shops go into loss.” “That’s what I was seeing too” I replied.

Detailed analysis revealed that each shop was still independently profitable as long as we removed the overhead costs of operations at headquarters, confirming what we assumed at the beginning of the placement. “I was looking at the analysis this morning, and the main problem is overhead costs. Primarily: wages, transportation, and rent.” After seeing agreement in their eyes, I continued to share my thoughts. “As of now, those costs are fixed and in my opinion underutilized. Do you think we can stand to cut wages, or transportation?” I threw the question out there. Fuel costs are on the way up and vehicles only get older. When thinking about everyone at headquarters, the sales manager, the warehouse manager, the accountant, the administrative staff, and the stock controllers, I couldn’t think of anyone that isn’t vital to the business. In times of trouble, with skyrocketing costs, stiff competition, and political uncertainty, these are the people to invest in, not cut. Feeling the tension that the question put to the room, I eventually got the answer I was looking for. “No, we need everyone. They’re all essential.”

I began to probe what they thought of the second recommendation given: to strike deals with other agricultural shops so they could stock our product while we close our own outlets. “For dealers… they make up about 20% of your business. Is there enough potential dealers to overcome the void created by closing our own outlets?” With little thought and a shared confirming glance, they both said “No. No we can’t. It’s just not possible. Not even with our most ambitious projections.”

All three of us in the room were circling around a strategy that I felt was returning to the forefront. “I feel that with the latest improvements at headquarters, you have the capacity to manage more shops. What happens to the profit margins if we relocate the lower performing shops and open more outlets in underserved areas?” They nodded and waited for another my next question. “You mentioned potentially opening an additional shop in the same city north of here. How long would it take before we see it perform? What’s the potential there?” “It, usually it takes 3 months for a shop to reach its potential and at that location, we should see volumes anywhere up to 50% of the shop already there.” “Can you sustain the initial losses?” After a few keystrokes and clicks by the mouse, the picture was shown to me. “We can do it.”

The air in the room was much lighter than it has been the last few weeks. Slight smiles could be seen on their faces.  “So we’re clear, we’re going to open more outlets, and relocate shops that are underperforming… Good. Thanks Anthony.”

It was now clear that the original strategy to open more shops made more sense than closing them down. It grows the potential to reach more farmers, is in line with of all the work we’ve done so far to build the business’ capacity and, most importantly, takes advantage of the potential in the market.

Now that I’m entering the anchor leg of this placement, I’m again re-energized, excited and pushing forward to see this project through to the finish.

The air was dry and the sun was racing upward. Chips of chicken could be heard through the greetings between farmers stepping off the bus. Stretching my legs felt great after the long drive to Chingola. Forgetting my sunglasses, I squinted through the crowd looking for familiar faces. I stretched out my hand to greet the poultry consultant we hired for the workshop we were providing that day for free, thanks to a local NGO grant provided for agricultural training. “Ahh…the turnout is not so good.” He told me. “What happened?”, “[The mobile provider] failed to send out the text messages to the farmers. Many did not know of this event.”

The host farmer welcoming other poultry farmers to the workshop on poultry management.

It was sad really. The farmers who arrived were learning the intricacies of poultry farming. How to maintain your flock, diagnose problems, and properly manage production. Some of these farmers were very young, fresh out of school, taking the first steps to generating their own income. Many others could have benefited as much as them, for free, if they’d only knew where to go.

I returned to the office the next day. Everyone was busy at their desks getting an understanding of the day-to-day business. “What are your sales for today?” asked one staff member over the phone, “How much feed do you have left?” asked another. All of this talk took time and all of that time cost the company a lot of money. The monthly bill for one of their phone lines was 3 times my monthly rent.

The main office phone and link between shops and the depot

The Problems

The main communications infrastructure of this business needed to be improved. They, unfruitfully, relied on others to inform customers of any new developments. They also relied on lengthy voice communications to get day-to-day numbers that they use to understand the current state of the business.

Cost
Talking costs money. They were paying a fortune for the amount of time that was being spent on the phone.

Time

The time consumed multiplied fast. It took time from head office, it took time from the shop managers, it took their time away from helping farmers, who now had to wait longer to be served.

Response Time

Some days would require rapid changes in strategy. Day-old-chicks are sold every Friday and they are predetermined to hatch 21 days earlier. The business has to ensure that all the baby chickens have a home, and all customers who prepaid will receive what they paid for. Shop managers in different areas need to rapidly coordinate their sales to ensure that the business as a whole will meet (and not exceed) that number. Calling shops one-by-one made it difficult to coordinate those sales from the main depot since it could take up to 2 hours to contact all the outlets.

Less Time for Customers

With the majority of time of the main lines used in lengthy internal conversations. This did not leave a lot of time on our lines for staff to call our customer farmers and talk to them about their flock or remind them of upcoming training events.

Point-of-Sale Equipment

None of the shops currently have computers on hand, nor internet. Power is also unreliable. However, all shops have access to cell phones and cellular service. (Many were provided with company phones)

Deploying Change

To reduce cost, increase response time and potentially increase our connection to our poultry farmer customers, we deployed a text message based system to communicate between the main depot and the various shops. One computer acts as the central hub of text message communication. It, currently, allows messaging of various groups of contacts and keeps records of any responses.

Initial benefits

  • The messaging rate is about 20sec/message. This allows us to reach 9-10 shops in under 4 minutes.
  • Cost to communicate with all shops is significantly reduced.
  • All incoming information is stored on a central computer in digital form rather than on lose sheets of paper.
  • Incoming information can be easily copied from text messages into spreadsheets already in use.
  • Shop managers can respond when they have down time, rather than being interrupted for many minutes at any point during the day.

“Anthony, this is really good. Soooo much easier”, Charles said, sitting beside me staring at his computer screen. “Look Anthony, almost all the shops have already sent in their sales numbers”. Later he was calling those who did not respond to his text messages trying to explain to them that sales needs to be texted in to the new number that we’re using as our “server”. I was excited to see that he was already reinforcing the new process without my involvement.

Stack of record sheets where staff used to record numbers that they were told over the phone

This initial step, though rudimentary, is important. We eliminate the big problems in one cost effective move, and set up a system that staff are already working to grow and reinforce, increasing the chance that this system will be sustained in the future. We were successful despite having no training for shop managers indicating that it is appropriate to the skill level of staff. The system launched with this one simple text message: “To all shops, you will now be sending in your sales to this number. We will no longer be calling for them.”

With this infrastructure in place, and the capabilities the system has, we’ll have the ability to grow towards cellphone based digital forms that shop managers can fill out and submit into the depot, have automated responses for farmers requesting the latest prices by text, inform our customers of upcoming poultry management training events we’re hosting and the list goes on.

Simply switching from voice to text opens the doors to many of these possibilities.

Implementing a system to improve communication and awareness of the state of the business… just one more item off the list of key deliverables.

“Anthony…. there is a problem” I barely heard on my phone over the echoes of conversation and people working in the depot. But I knew it was one of the stock controllers out in the field. “What’s the problem?” “The old stock count form is reporting an over of 3,000 kwacha. When I tried the same numbers in your new program, it’s calculating a short of over 4,000,000 kwacha.” All of the commotion in the warehouse immediately disappeared from my conscious.

“Did I miss a formula? Did I remember to update his database with the latest forms? Is there a typo somewhere? I swear I checked the formulas that calculate the cash totals hundreds of times….” I questioned myself. It took a few seconds of looking at all the angles. Could it be a functional error? I doubted it. Could it be the interface? He didn’t mention anything…

“Hey, when you entered the TOTAL cash received from the shop…”
“Yeah?”
“Did you enter ALL the cash you received or did you just enter the part that’s for veterinary and feed sales?”
“Just the cash for vet and feed.”
“Ok, you’re now supposed to enter all the cash, for vet, feed as well as the pre-payments for day-old-chicks.”
“Ah, that must be it.”

The problem wasn’t functional, it wasn’t the code, or the program, or the stock controller. It was a small change in the stock controller process that I wanted to make. A change I forgot to mention to the stock controllers themselves.

A stock controller and shop manager reviewing counts and cash due

If we are going to expand this business, serve more farmers, and employ more staff, the capacity of management first needs to be able to handle the additional business. Giving the company confidence that they can manage their assets by giving stock controllers the ability to effectively manage more shops with less effort was the underlying goal with deploying a new stock control and reporting system.

There were a lot of things that were already in place that made developing a new database for stock control worthwhile:

  • Staff was mobile, reducing the feasibility for an off-line system
  • Staff are already being trained to use computers and “staff computer training” is on my list of deliverables
  • All staff involved in the stock control process have access to their own computers
  • The current process already had a computer program component at its core
  • Many of the frequent decisions and calculations surrounding stock control are simple and can be automated
  • Management was keen evolve their internal processes
  • Staff “upstream” desired a reduction in the number of forms they receive
  • I was confident we’d be able to develop something within the first few weeks of my placement

Simplified previous-state map of the stock count process

A simplified current-state map of the stock count process

I remember doing one of our initial tests of the new system in Ndola. “You are over by 3,500 kwacha.” “Well, just let me have it then if it’s over” the shop manager said to us. I was still typing in the data in my new database and was wondering where the overage could come. I punched in all the information on all the products including pre-payments for items that weren’t captured before. After hitting enter on the final item, I saw 0, and the box calculating the difference went bright green thanks to some conditional formatting.

“You’re balanced” I said “the extra cash actually belonged to the pre-payments”. “Oh, okay. I’m balanced? I’m getting my free bag of millie meal!” He was excited to be closer to that free bag of pounded maize flower that the shop managers decided they wanted to win if they balanced all their books for the entire month. I congratulated him, said thanks and shook his hand over being balanced without problems and walked out back to the truck.

Being able to better manage and calculate all of the stock, cash and pre-paid vouchers moving in and out of the organization would allow them to reach farther, without increasing overhead. After testing, these databases are now in the hands of stock controllers and they’ve moved completely to the new system.

Time will tell how this impacts their business.

Resource Tools for Agents

After spending some time with agents in the field and even with staff of my partner organization, I noticed that product knowledge is a challenge. Agents are there to support rural farmers with their problems. A huge barrier to this was understanding what to use to solve a specific problem.

I actually visited many branches of this organization to observe how managers walk potential customers through the problems on their farms. It was a difficult task. Farmers in Zambia are faced with a large variety of potential problems, from diseases and pests destroying their crop or losing livestock to preventable diseases. The knowledge needed to quickly make recommendations is incredibly complex. There are so many products and problems, and potential substitutions. After analyzing the product data I knew it would take years to understand it all.

One manager was amazing, his customers followed him around the different places he moved in Lusaka because he has years of experience in solving their problems.

This was a level of service that community based agents need to get to when supporting rural farmers. So, I decided to put together a tool to help agents in the field. It’s proven pretty successful with the two agents I’ve tested the tool with.

Below are three examples:




The challenge is: I built these myself, which is great for getting credibility but bad for sustainability. These tools need to be generated internally and maintained by local staff in order for this tool to be useful in the future.

Also, there are other problems that need to be solved so that agents and farmers are better supported. (i.e. internal operations, transportation logistics and customer support). But these changes require longer timeframes and more coordination.

So, my decision was to develop these tools myself. I wanted to output something useful in the shortest time frame that would directly support the agents in the field and farmers. So I will be able to deploy these tools immediately into the field while training local staff to maintain them.

Don’t worry I’m still working on the other problems too :) .

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